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Cytokines, Co-Stimulation, and Control: How Modern Adjuvants Work | #adjuvants Work

Cytokines, Co-Stimulation, and Control: How Modern Adjuvants Work

Cytokines, Co-Stimulation, and Control: How Modern Adjuvants Work

Modern vaccines rely on far more than the antigen itself. In an era of rapidly emerging pathogens, immune-evasive variants, and rising global mobility, vaccine designers must ensure that an antigen not only generates a response—but the right response, in adequate magnitude and duration.